Surgical malpractice is the failure of a surgeon to provide appropriate treatment, including adequate level of care and or skill shown, to a patient with personal injury or a substantial loss of income resulting. There are three categories of surgery, emergency which is performed as soon as possible, urgent which is performed within hours from the time it is discovered surgery is needed, and elective which can be put off until everything is in place to ensure the patients best chances of success. Surgical mistakes include errors made by surgeons, anesthesiologists and nursing staff. In addition to wrong-site surgery, factors such as unsanitary conditions and or use of unspecialized medical instruments.